# CSL Usage

**URL:** https://discourse.citationstyles.org/c/csl-usage/6.md

[Latest](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/categories.md)

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## [About the CSL Usage category](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/about-the-csl-usage-category/1465)

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**Author:** [@Sebastian\_Karcher](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Sebastian_Karcher)\
**Replies:** 0

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This category is end-user oriented: If you have questions about using CSL, e.g. how to edit a citation style or get a specific output. This is the place to ask. Please specify the software you’re using

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## [Is it possible to render name-part affixes in Japanese author names?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/is-it-possible-to-render-name-part-affixes-in-japanese-author-names/1828)

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**Author:** [@frianasoa](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/frianasoa)\
**Replies:** 24\
**Last updated:** [May 28, 2026, 3:26pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/is-it-possible-to-render-name-part-affixes-in-japanese-author-names/1828 "2026-05-28T15:26:57Z")

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Hello! This is my first post. Please let me know if it is not appropriate to ask it here. A little bit of background I am creating a csl style for Japanese and English. I use condition (existence of a particular field…

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## [Unexpected behavior with article-locator](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/unexpected-behavior-with-article-locator/1825)

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**Author:** [@zepinglee](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/zepinglee)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [May 7, 2026, 7:19am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/unexpected-behavior-with-article-locator/1825 "2026-05-07T07:19:39Z")

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In the following fixture, the \<label\> is expected to render art. and \<else-if locator="article-locator"\> should test true for the cite item with "label": "article-locator". But the current citeproc-js gives: + exp…

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## [Online-only journal articles have "ahead of print" in citation (Chicago 18th edition)](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/online-only-journal-articles-have-ahead-of-print-in-citation-chicago-18th-edition/1940)

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**Author:** [@gwright](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gwright)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [March 12, 2026, 7:39pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/online-only-journal-articles-have-ahead-of-print-in-citation-chicago-18th-edition/1940 "2026-03-12T19:39:54Z")

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CMOS18 CSL has no way to distinguish between an article that is genuinely “ahead of print” (temporarily online while awaiting issue assignment) and an article from a journal that publishes exclusively online and will nev…

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## [Author and date not always appearing in custom CSL script](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/author-and-date-not-always-appearing-in-custom-csl-script/1933)

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**Author:** [@GWoodward](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/GWoodward)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [November 25, 2025, 8:42pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/author-and-date-not-always-appearing-in-custom-csl-script/1933 "2025-11-25T20:42:32Z")

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Dear all, I am developing a custom .CSL style for a student-run popular science magazine at my university. I am getting caught up on the last thing I want to accomplish and am looking for advice. I would like to create …

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## [HELP: Adding new locales in CSL](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/help-adding-new-locales-in-csl/1924)

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**Author:** [@fareedsairicslgithub](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/fareedsairicslgithub)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [September 15, 2025, 8:49pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/help-adding-new-locales-in-csl/1924 "2025-09-15T20:49:06Z")

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Hi everyone, I build a CSL known as ‘universiti-kebangsaan-malaysia’. In the early days, we don’t have locales in Bahasa Melayu , so I put in translated terms in the locales part. Know, I had submited a locales in Baha…

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## [Most recent locale file not recognised by Visual Editor](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/most-recent-locale-file-not-recognised-by-visual-editor/1927)

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**Author:** [@DrP](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/DrP)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 7, 2025, 6:08am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/most-recent-locale-file-not-recognised-by-visual-editor/1927 "2025-08-07T06:08:01Z")

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Hi, I’m developing a style for a journal publishing only in one language. I have updated the locale on the GitHub repository and it has been merged into the master of the locale - no problems there. But now, when I set t…

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## [Question about the "display" attribute of annotation](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/question-about-the-display-attribute-of-annotation/1925)

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**Author:** [@zepinglee](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/zepinglee)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 30, 2025, 9:30am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/question-about-the-display-attribute-of-annotation/1925 "2025-07-30T09:30:43Z")

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What is the expected value of \`display\` attribute of indented annotation? I find the following description in the spec: An annotated bibliography, where the annotation appears in an indented block below the reference. …

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## [Best practices for medieval and Icelandic names + custom short names in CSL?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/best-practices-for-medieval-and-icelandic-names-custom-short-names-in-csl/1915)

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**Author:** [@lb-philoch](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/lb-philoch)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 22, 2025, 7:12pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/best-practices-for-medieval-and-icelandic-names-custom-short-names-in-csl/1915 "2025-04-22T19:12:49Z")

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Hi again! We’re running into some edge cases with name handling, particularly for medieval and Icelandic authors, where the expected citation behavior doesn’t quite line up with how things are processed. We’d really app…

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## [Inline citations showing “Jr.” and colloquial names—how to suppress these?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/inline-citations-showing-jr-and-colloquial-names-how-to-suppress-these/1914)

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**Author:** [@lb-philoch](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/lb-philoch)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 22, 2025, 7:03pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/inline-citations-showing-jr-and-colloquial-names-how-to-suppress-these/1914 "2025-04-22T19:03:32Z")

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Hi all, We’ve run into a couple of citation formatting issues in inline citations (Pandoc + citeproc), and we’re not sure if this is expected behavior, or if there’s a workaround or CSL trick we’re missing. 1. Undesire…

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## [Dates of a multivolume work and individual volume](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/dates-of-a-multivolume-work-and-individual-volume/1894)

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**Author:** [@Andrew\_Dunning](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Andrew_Dunning)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [April 17, 2025, 9:12pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/dates-of-a-multivolume-work-and-individual-volume/1894 "2025-04-17T21:12:28Z")

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When citing a book in a multivolume set, some styles ask for both the date of the full run and the date of the cited volume. For example, in Chicago: Armstrong, Tenisha, ed. 2014. To Save the Soul of America, January 1…

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## [Variants for Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/variants-for-chicago-manual-of-style-18th-edition/1895)

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**Author:** [@Andrew\_Dunning](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Andrew_Dunning)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [March 11, 2025, 7:57pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/variants-for-chicago-manual-of-style-18th-edition/1895 "2025-03-11T19:57:38Z")

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The 18th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style provides eight options to allow for their new recommendations alongside traditional practices, which some publishers will inevitably require. I would appreciate advice on h…

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## [Providing an original date and location for a published letter](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/providing-an-original-date-and-location-for-a-published-letter/1888)

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**Author:** [@Andrew\_Dunning](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Andrew_Dunning)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [February 27, 2025, 12:23am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/providing-an-original-date-and-location-for-a-published-letter/1888 "2025-02-27T00:23:06Z")

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In revising the Chicago Manual of Style CSL definitions, I’m trying to work out how to allow for both the date of an edited collection and the date of a letter. I’m thinking of using event-date if it exists in the citati…

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## [New Discussion Quick Links Discussions Search Notification Preferences Discussion Filters Participated Your Discussions Your Bookmarks Your Drafts Bookmark Distance between reference and reference text in the bibliography list](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/new-discussion-quick-links-discussions-search-notification-preferences-discussion-filters-participated-your-discussions-your-bookmarks-your-drafts-bookmark-distance-between-reference-and-reference-text-in-the-bibliography-list/1885)

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**Author:** [@dkmst](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/dkmst)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [February 25, 2025, 2:32pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/new-discussion-quick-links-discussions-search-notification-preferences-discussion-filters-participated-your-discussions-your-bookmarks-your-drafts-bookmark-distance-between-reference-and-reference-text-in-the-bibliography-list/1885 "2025-02-25T14:32:01Z")

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Hi All Is there a way to set a distance between your reference and reference text? I am ussing Zortero as reference manager. and i have currently made som small modification to the style i use I have a challenge that I…

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## [Chicago author-notes 18th edition?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/chicago-author-notes-18th-edition/1877)

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**Author:** [@gwright](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gwright)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [February 24, 2025, 5:59pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/chicago-author-notes-18th-edition/1877 "2025-02-24T17:59:08Z")

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Are there any plans to support Chicago 18 (released in September 2024)?

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## [Test if date-part exists](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/test-if-date-part-exists/1883)

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**Author:** [@gduffner](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gduffner)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [February 19, 2025, 3:01pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/test-if-date-part-exists/1883 "2025-02-19T15:01:30Z")

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I’m working on a style which requires dates to be rendered numeric if the day is given but as text if only month and year are given. Is there a way to do this?

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## [How can I call citeproc-java tool from Basex?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-can-i-call-citeproc-java-tool-from-basex/1739)

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**Author:** [@Rachna](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Rachna)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [January 21, 2025, 3:34pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-can-i-call-citeproc-java-tool-from-basex/1739 "2025-01-21T15:34:13Z")

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Hi, Please could somebody let me know how I can call citeproc-java tool from Basex? Many Thanks, Rachna

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## [Full citation after multiple ibid citations](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/full-citation-after-multiple-ibid-citations/1864)

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**Author:** [@chris](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/chris)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [September 27, 2024, 3:22am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/full-citation-after-multiple-ibid-citations/1864 "2024-09-27T03:22:28Z")

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Hello everyone, I’m trying to adapt the “deutsche-gesellschaft-fur-psychologie.csl” style to fit requirements of my university. The style already handles multiple identical citations well, using “ebd.” (German for ibid…

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## [CSL Chinese name formation](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/csl-chinese-name-formation/1850)

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**Author:** [@JianHua0104](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/JianHua0104)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 1, 2024, 2:28pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/csl-chinese-name-formation/1850 "2024-07-01T14:28:50Z")

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sorry for bad English, I’m now having some problem with format the Chinese author name for bibliography. Here is the problem. The conference publication template require the bibliography as: But I cant find any simi…

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## [Unexpected space between volume and page number(s) when no issue is listed (Chicago style)](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/unexpected-space-between-volume-and-page-number-s-when-no-issue-is-listed-chicago-style/1846)

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**Author:** [@gwright](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gwright)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [May 9, 2024, 1:50pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/unexpected-space-between-volume-and-page-number-s-when-no-issue-is-listed-chicago-style/1846 "2024-05-09T13:50:08Z")

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I recently encountered an example where CSL is adding an unexpected space between volume number and page(s) for journal articles. Chicago rule 15.48 says that there should be no space between the volume number and page(…

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## [Multiple works by the same author published in the same year - ordered incorrectly per Chicago style](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/multiple-works-by-the-same-author-published-in-the-same-year-ordered-incorrectly-per-chicago-style/1843)

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**Author:** [@gwright](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gwright)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [April 24, 2024, 1:14pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/multiple-works-by-the-same-author-published-in-the-same-year-ordered-incorrectly-per-chicago-style/1843 "2024-04-24T13:14:19Z")

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Scenario: multiple references with the same author, published in the same year. Chicago rule 15.20 says to order these alphabetically, by title: Two or more works by the same author in the same year must be differenti…

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## [Date of modification for websites (Chicago style)](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/date-of-modification-for-websites-chicago-style/1845)

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**Author:** [@gwright](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/gwright)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [March 26, 2024, 5:08pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/date-of-modification-for-websites-chicago-style/1845 "2024-03-26T17:08:13Z")

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Chicago’s style guide supports the use of a date of modification for web material, especially when no publication date is known. Chicago even says that a date of modification is more important/useful than an accessed dat…

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## [How to use non standard variables from extra field of Zotero?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-use-non-standard-variables-from-extra-field-of-zotero/1840)

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**Author:** [@giacomo](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/giacomo)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [January 26, 2024, 7:31am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-use-non-standard-variables-from-extra-field-of-zotero/1840 "2024-01-26T07:31:15Z")

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Hello, I have some custom variables that I have created for a project at the University, the variables are stored in the Extra field of Zotero using this format myCustomVariable: myCustumVariableValue\\n I would like to…

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## [How to remove white space between bibliographic records](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-remove-white-space-between-bibliographic-records/1824)

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**Author:** [@ironryan](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/ironryan)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 18, 2023, 4:34pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-remove-white-space-between-bibliographic-records/1824 "2023-07-18T16:34:48Z")

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Let me start by saying that I am new to CSL and citation styles and have no background in xml programming. I work in IT supporting a group of Medical Writers. Our company recently transitioned from QUOSA to ReprintsDesk…

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## [Name-as-sort-order problems](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/name-as-sort-order-problems/1818)

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**Author:** [@Denis\_Maier](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Denis_Maier)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [May 15, 2023, 3:03pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/name-as-sort-order-problems/1818 "2023-05-15T15:03:29Z")

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Hi, I’m currently working on a style for one of the departments at my institution: \<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?\>\<style class="note" version="1.0" name-d - Pastebin.com Name formatting gives me some headaches. …

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## [Modifying Thesis Citation Format](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/modifying-thesis-citation-format/1808)

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**Author:** [@NGordon](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/NGordon)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [April 3, 2023, 11:35pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/modifying-thesis-citation-format/1808 "2023-04-03T23:35:25Z")

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The journal I want to submit to has the following format: Stephen Hawking, ‘Properties of Expanding Universes’, unpublished Doctoral thesis (University of Cambridge 1966) I can’t find any CSL styles that have the words…

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## [Convert CSL schema to xsd](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/convert-csl-schema-to-xsd/1553)

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**Author:** [@Denis\_Maier](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Denis_Maier)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [April 1, 2023, 6:11pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/convert-csl-schema-to-xsd/1553 "2023-04-01T18:11:50Z")

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In my search for the best CSL editor I’ve tried to convert the rnc-schema to xsd, but no success so far. I have tried this: Merge with jing convert with trang jing -s csl.rnc \> csl-temp.rnc" trang csl-temp.rnc csl.x…

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## [How to handle .CSL's format and abbreviations (like \*ibidem\*, \*op.cit.\*, etc.) for .pdf output in pandoc (in RStudio Quarto)?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-handle-csls-format-and-abbreviations-like-ibidem-op-cit-etc-for-pdf-output-in-pandoc-in-rstudio-quarto/1782)

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**Author:** [@Nicholas-R-Sheriff](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/Nicholas-R-Sheriff)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [March 17, 2023, 11:51am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-handle-csls-format-and-abbreviations-like-ibidem-op-cit-etc-for-pdf-output-in-pandoc-in-rstudio-quarto/1782 "2023-03-17T11:51:25Z")

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Thank you all in advance, for being here, for this amazing tool that CSL is, and for taking the time for reading this. I am using a .csl file in a Quarto project, as it is implemented as a feature, specifying an entry i…

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## [How to put colon outside quotation marks in the Chicago Manual of Style 17th?](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-put-colon-outside-quotation-marks-in-the-chicago-manual-of-style-17th/1793)

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**Author:** [@ednicole](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/ednicole)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [February 7, 2023, 1:41am UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/how-to-put-colon-outside-quotation-marks-in-the-chicago-manual-of-style-17th/1793 "2023-02-07T01:41:53Z")

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Hello everyone, Being new to CSL, I’m trying to modify the Chicago Manual of Style 17th (note, short title subsequent), but I stuck with the colon placed within quotation marks. The style I’m using requires a colon befo…

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## [In anon articles, upcase the first word of the title, and show only the first word in the citation](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/in-anon-articles-upcase-the-first-word-of-the-title-and-show-only-the-first-word-in-the-citation/1789)

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**Author:** [@arthurfragoso](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/u/arthurfragoso)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [January 22, 2023, 10:54pm UTC](https://discourse.citationstyles.org/t/in-anon-articles-upcase-the-first-word-of-the-title-and-show-only-the-first-word-in-the-citation/1789 "2023-01-22T22:54:50Z")

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The style we use in Brazil is known as ABNT, the rules for styling the bibliography is set on NBR 6023:2018, and the citation on NBR 10520-2002. There are many ABNT styles in the CSL github repository, but none renders …

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